This paper evaluates the impact of the New Rural Pension Scheme (NRPS) policy on childrens intergenerational supports toward parents. Using data from CHARLS2015 and CHARLS2018, we adopt the regression discontinuity design to investigate this influence. The results show that the NRPS policy significantly increases the transfers from children to parents by about 1700 yuan per year. However, the amount of time that children accompany their parents dramatically decreases by about 10%. The results indicate that the NRPS policy positively "crowds in" childrens intergenerational financial support, while negatively "crowds out" the temporal support, suggesting an obvious substitution effect between these two types of supports. We further explore the mechanism of the impact and find that the NRPS policy leads to more time the older adults contribute to taking care of their grandchildren. To “exchange”, the children increase transfers to parents and then reduce the time of accompanying their parents. Conclusions further discuss the policy implications about how to improve the overall quality of social welfare services in China.

In order to coordinate development of population, economy, and environment, it is necessary to clarify the causal relationships among population agglomeration, economic agglomeration and environmental pollution. Based on the provincial data from 2007 to 2016, this paper uses the panel data unit root test, the panel cointegration test, and the panel error correction model (PECM) to generate the dynamic generalized least square (DGLS) estimation in order to explore the long-term and short-term causality among the three variables. The results show that for the short-term relationship, there is a one-way circular causal relationship among population agglomeration, economic agglomeration, and environmental pollution, while for the longterm relationship, these three variables demonstrate a double-circular causality. Based on the difference between the long-term and short-term causality, China should pay more attention to the development of regional economy, population urbanization, and environmental protection in order to realize the coordinated development of these three elements.

Social Security′s effect on child economic support for ageing parents has been a central issue in academic research and debate.Drawing upon data from 2011 Aged Care at Home Survey in China,this paper analyzes the factors that influence child economic support for their parents,including the basic characteristics of the elderly themselves,family condition,and income of their children.Focus is placed on the impact of social security.Results show that social security for the elderly generally leads to a higher level of child economic support,this is because social security releases demands for medical and health services of the elderly,increasing the related expenditure and child economic support.There are differential impacts among sub-groups of the elderly,which are essentially differences between social strata in distribution of medical and health resources and services as a result of the various drawbacks of the current medical and health system.Policy implications for equalizing health security and improving welfare are discussed.

While policies of generalized system of preferences(GSP)empowering and benefiting people are important means for building a harmonious society,some of the GSP policies are not consistent or even go contradictory to the national policy of family planning.This paper examines some of the GSP policies that run counter to the family planning policy,and discusses institutional determinants of the inconsistency.Lack of policy coordination mechanisms result in departmentalization of national obligations,and the major executing department of the national policy has not been adequately involved in formulating these GSP policies.Policy suggestions are discussed in the paper.